一.概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。
二.相关知识点精讲
按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：
完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
Our teacher came in. In came our teacher.
这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is. Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 动词+主语
neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
10. not only… but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,
but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
三.巩固练习
1._______ caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
3. Over _______, dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat
C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.
A. There is it B. There it is
C. There is D. Here is it
5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________.
A. here he comes B. he here comes
C. here does he come D. here comes he
6. The door opened there ________.
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is
8. Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised me
C. did we advise D. had we advised
9. ________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys
B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room
D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs
11. _______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier
B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was
D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
13. She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us
14. You say he works hard, ______, _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.
—__________.
A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16. I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary B. Mary doesn’t
C. Mary will either D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I.
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
18. Marx was born in Germany German was his native language .
A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles
C. So was Engles D. So did Engles
19. A fish needs water without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man B. So will a man
C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have
21. So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was B. So strange was
C. Was so strange D. So was strange
23. Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed
C. changed they D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen
C. I have seen D. have I seen
25. Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching
C. have they watched D. do they watch
26. Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful
B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers
D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished
C. did he finish D. had he finished
28. Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when
C. had they; when D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make
C. he made D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he
C. did he begin D. does he begin
Part II
1. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.
a.with hard work b. although work hard
c. only with hard work d. now that he works hard
2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
a.however late is he b. however he is late
c. however is he late d. however late he is
3. not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
a.did the villagers realize b. the villagers realized
c. the villagers did realize d. didn’t the villagers realize
4. not until i began to work ____ how much time i had wasted.
a.didn’t realize b. did i realize
c. i didn’t realize d. i realized
5.—do you know jim quarrel with his brother?
—i don’t know, _______.
a.nor don’t i care b. nor do i care
c. i don’t care neither d. i don’t care also
6. only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
a.you can b. can you c. you will d. will you
7. not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat is.
a.man did know b. man knew
c. didn’t man know d. did man know
8. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.
a.he hardly; then b. hardly had he; when c.
he had not; than d. not had he; when
9. ______ snacks drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
a. not only they brought b. not only did they bring
c. not only brought they d. not only they did bring
10.—i don’t think i can walk any further.
—_____, let’s stop here for a rest.
a.neither can i b. neither do i
c. i didn’t think so d. i think so
11. only in this way ______ do it well.
a.must we b. we could c. can we d. we can
12. hardly ____ when it began to rain.
a.had he arrived b. arrived he
c. he had arrived d. did he arrive
13. jack is a student studies at the no. 2 middle school. _____.
a. it was the same with mike b.so it is with mike
c. so is mike d. so does mike
14. ______, i would have given you his address.
a. if you asked me b. you had asked me
c. should you have asked me d.had you asked me
15. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
a.little they realized b. they had realized little
c.little did they realize d. little had they
realized
16. ______ that i couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
a. they made such talked b. so loudly they talked
c. it was noise outside d. such a loud noise did they make
17. many a time _____ me good advice.
a. he gave b. does he give
c. he has given d. has he given
18. ____ have i seen a better performance.
a. everywhere b. nowhere else
c. everywhere else d. nowhere
19. not a single word ____ at the beginning.
a. did he say b. has he said c. he said d. he has said
20. only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
a. did the teacher found b. the teacher found
c. did the teacher find d. had the teacher found
答案
答案
1—5 CABBA 6—10 BBBDA
11—15 BCCBA 16—20 BAACC
21—25 ABADD 26—30 BDCDC
1．倒装句，答案为c。
2．状语从句的语序应是正常语序，故a、c排除，连词however后必须紧跟形容词或副词，d是正确答案。
3．not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句要倒装，答案为a 。
4．本题考查以否定词开头并修饰状语时的主谓语序，这时原状语可以是副词或介词短语，还可以是从句，而主谓的语序为部分倒装，答案为b。
5．本题考查neither 或nor连接句子时语序的倒装，答案为b。
6．答案为d。
7．答案为d。
8．hardly...when和no sooner ...than是两个固定句型，前半部分置于句首，其后分句要倒装，答案为b 。
9．答案为b 。
10．答案为b。
11．only引导的介词短语或从句位于句首修饰状语时，句子谓语要部分倒装，答案为c。
12．部分倒装，答案为a。
13．答案为b。
14．答案为d。
15．副词little位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为c。
16．答案为d。
17．many修饰名词并位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为d。
18．答案为d。
19．答案为a。
20．only修饰介词短语时，并位于句首时,句子要倒装，答案为c。
21．答案为b。
22．答案为d。
23．虚拟语气的倒装形式，答案为c。
24．答案为c。
25．答案为d。
26．there放于句首，主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置不变，仍保留陈述句式，答案为b。
27．答案为a。
28．答案为c。
29．only修饰句子的状语，位于句首，要倒装
。