Liao Dynasty
辽朝
General
概况
The Khitan were originally nomadic cattle breeders from the Siramuren Valley, a region where pastoral lifestyles were practiced.
契丹原来是希拉穆仁山区的一个游牧养牛部落，在那里它们过着自己的乡村生活。
Chinese farmers who had established themselves in the region lived side by side with Turkish and Mongol tribes.
居住在这里的中原农民和土耳其以及蒙古部落靠的很近。
Due to the proximity of the Chinese, the Khitan were quick to become sinicized.
因为和中原人离得近，契丹人很快就汉化了。
During the year 924，the Khitan launched numerous attacks towards the West in order to join the Tangut& Tuyuhun.
924年，契丹为了使领土向西与党项和吐谷浑连接发动了好几场战争。
The following year they then destroyed the Kingdom of Bohai.
一年后他们灭掉了渤海国。
During the time of their attacks in the Peking area, Emperor Yelu Ruan officially gave their growing empire the name of Liao.
当他们在北京地区作战时，皇帝耶律阮宣布自己处于发展中的国家名为“辽”。
Liao is the Chinese term for Siramuren Valley.
“辽”是希拉穆仁山的中文名。
In 946 the Khitan of the Liao Dynasty attacked as far as Kaifeng, where they stole maps， archives, water clocks, musical instruments, the Classics and kidnapped craftsmen and scholars.
946年，辽国的契丹人远征至开封，在那里它们盗取了地图、档杆、滴漏、乐器和典籍还绑架了工匠和学者。
They then decided to move further into the present day provinces of Hebei and Shanxi.
接着他们决定进一步攻入今天的河北省和山西省。
By 986, the Khitan of Liao had expanded into Manchuria and had made incursions into the Yellow River Valley.
986年，辽国扩张到了满洲并入侵了黄河流域。
In 1004, the Song were forced to sign a peace treaty at Tanyuan，near the lower areas of the Yellow River.
1004年，宋朝被迫在黄河下游的檀园与辽签订和平条约。
By this time, the Liao Dynasty had covered much of Manchuria, Eastern Mongolia, Northern Shanxi, and Beijing.
从那时起，辽朝就占据了满洲、东蒙古、山西北部和北京的大部分地区。
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