用英语说中国文化名著:Zhou Yi or The Book of Changes《周易》(中英)

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Zhou Yi Of The Book of Changes is composed of Yi Jing or I Ching 〇r present-day Book of Changes and Yi Zhuan Of Remarks on the Trigrams .

《周易》分《易经》和《易传》两大部分。

I Ching , a book used for divination, was composed between the Yin and Zhou dynasties.

《易经》是占筮之书,编成于殷周之际,

It is the remains of witchcraft history in ancient China.

是上古巫史文化的遗存。

It consists of symbols or symbolic hexagrams and lexicological commentaries.

它由符号系统和文字系统两部分有机组合而成,

Yin and yang, two basic symbols, represent the universe and the human world. There are altogether 64 symbolic hexagrams. Each hexagram consists of a pair of trigrams.

阴(--)与阳(一)两个符号代表宇宙和人世的一切,是最基本的符号。

There are eight basic trigrams, each named for a natural phenomenon.

阴阳两个符号按各种排列法叠为三层,得到乾、坤、震、艮、离、坎、巽、兑八个经卦,分别代表天、地、雷、山、火、水、风、泽八种物质。八卦两两重叠,演化成六十四别卦,

Each of the 64 symbolic hexagrams is made up of two parts, named upper trigrams (shanggua) and lower trigrams (xiagua) or outer trigrams (waigua) and inner trigrams (neigua).

每个别卦都是由上下两个经卦组成,分别叫做上卦和下卦,或者外卦和内卦,

The orderly sequence of the hexagrams has some philosophical truth in it.

六十四卦有一定的先后次序,卦序中包含有深刻的哲理。

The thirty hexagrams, from qian, the Creative or Heaven to li, the Clinging or Fire, form the upper trigrams,

自《乾》至《离》三十卦为上经,

and the thirty-four hexagrams, from xian, Influence or Wooing to weiji, Before Completion, the lower trigrams.

自《咸》至《未济》三十四卦为下经。

The commentary part of I Ching includes 64 short statements (guaci), and 386 line statements (yaoci), every single line of which, broken or solid, being called “six” and “ nine” or yin and yang.

《易经》的文字系统包括六十四条卦辞.386条爻辞(含乾卦“用九”和坤卦“用六”),

The lexicological statements are mostly from those of ancient diviners.

内容多是从上古古筮所得的爻辞筛选而来,

Others are folk songs, ballads, and wise sayings of the past.

还有一些属于古代的民歌、民谣、哲理格言等。

They are of great significance as records of the then society, or valuable historical accounts of past events and mentality,

不仅记录了当时的社会概况,

reflecting the serious thinking of ancient people on philosophy, politics, moralities, war, sociality, marriage, and how to cope with crises.

也反映了古人在哲学、政治、道德、战争、社交、婚姻以及应付危难等问题上的严肃思考,有着珍贵的史料价值和思想价值。

Yi Zhuan, or Remarks on the Trigrams, is a book used for the interpretation of Yi Ching.

《易传》是一部专门解释《易经》的书。

It is composed of 10 chapters:

全书共有10篇,

Tuan (commentary on the decision, divided into two volumes),

即《彖传》上、下,

Xiang (commentary on the images or appearance, great and small, divided into two volumes),

《象传》上、下,

xici (commentary on the relationship of the hexagrams, divided into two volumes),

《系辞传》上、下,

wenyan (commentary on the character, only for the first two hexagrams, qian and kun),

《文言传》,

shuogua (explanations of the hexagrams),

《说卦传》,

xugua (commentary on the order of the hexagrams)

《序卦传》,

and the verse-like zagua ( commentary on miscellaneous hexagrams ),

《杂卦传》,

which are traditionally known as the “ Ten Wing Commentaries ”.

传统称为 “十翼”。

Yi Zhuan was composed in the middle or later Warring States Period.

《易传》成书于战国中后期,

Yet it was not written by one author,

但10篇非出自—人之手,

nor was it written in a given period.

亦非一时之作。

It is a philosophical work with a system of its own.

《易传》是自成体系的哲学著作,

It puts forward an ontological theory,

其中包含着丰富的哲学思想。

regarding taiji or the Supreme Ultimate as the “ primary beginning or the origin of everything in this world.”

它把“太极”作为化生万物的本原,

That is, from taiji come the two primary forces—yin and yang, from which the four images, and from which the eight trigrams.

提出了“易有太极,是生两仪。两仪生四象,四象生八卦”的本体论。

It fosters an outlook on the evolution of the universe; that is, from Heaven and Earth, namely the interaction of yin and yang, comes everything under the sun.

它建立了“天地氤氳,万物化醇”的宇宙发展观,

It explains the internal cause of changes and transformations, which, according to it, come from the working and combination of the strong and the weak,

提出了“刚柔相推,变在其中”的变化内因论,

and explicitly discusses the transformation of a contradiction such as the “meeting of extremes” and “the abolishment of what is old and the establishment in its place of a new order of things”.

明确地论述了“穷上反下”、“革故鼎新”的矛盾转化思想。

It expounds the trinity or union of Heaven, Earth and Man,

它阐述的天地人“三才”统一原理,

which has attracted the attention of thinkers from different ages,

为历代思想家所重视,

and eventually becomes the oriental mode of thinking.

成为一脉相承的东方思维模式。

All in all, Zhou Yi is an extensive and profound work of philosophy.

总之,《周易》既是一部占筮之书,又是一部博大精深的哲学著作。

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