Chapter 5 Education, Media and Holidays
1. Before 1870, education was voluntary and schools were set by the church. 1870年之前教育是自愿的，教堂开设学校
20th century later on, government take responsibility for education二十世纪以后，政府承担教育
2. Four stages: ①primary初中: 5---11
②secondary高中: 11---16
③further education两年以上高中---16 two more years in preparation for higher education
④higher education高等教育---18
3. Two parallel school system
State system国家制度 93% → free to all children between 5---16 years old
Independent system独立制度→ 7% independent tuition fees and curriculum
4. Further Education
At 16: National examination国考 →GCSE (Certificate of Secondary Education) 中等教育证书to leave or continue
Sixth form (2 years): 3 or 4 subjects
A-level( General Certificate of Education---Advanced)→for universities admittances(academic)普通教育高级证书
GNVQ( General National Vocational Qualification)→for vocational training全国通用职业资格证书
5. Recruitment based on: Grades of A-levels, school refences, interview招聘基于：普通教育高级证书，学校推荐和面试
6. Mostly funded by central government grants except university of Buckingham
B.A/B.S M.A/M.S Doctoral degree
3 years 1---2years 3---5years
Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
7. For most British people, a day begins with the morning newspaper and ends with television.
Quality Press Tabloids
Format Large-size paper Smaller
Topic Political and social importance, high culture Scandals and gossip
Style Serious, in-depth Short, easy to read
Reader Well-educated, middle-class The common people
Example The Times The News of the World, The Sun on Sunday
8. The Observer→ the world’s oldest Sunday newspaper最老 周日报
The Times→ one of Britain’s oldest and influential newspaper 英国最老最有影响力的报纸
THREE BIG: The Times, The guardian, The Daily Telegraph 三巨头：时代，卫报，每日电讯报
9.BBC: The British Broadcasting Corporation, excel in documentaries英国广播公司
BSkyB: Britain’s top pay-television provider英国天空广播公司，顶级付费
10. Three Christmas traditions: ①Christmas pantomime ②Queen’s Christmas message ③Boxing Day (falls on the day after Christmas) 圣诞三传统：①圣诞哑剧②女王的圣诞致辞③节礼日（落在圣诞节后一天）
11. Trooping the Color (in June), known as the Queen’s Birthday Parade 女王生日游行、
。