The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
春秋战国时期
Political Reforms of Shang Yang
商鞅变法
Lord Shang Yang introduced two political reforms to the state of Qin in the Warring States Period (475—221BC).
战国时期（公元前475年至公元前221年），商君商鞅在秦国推行了两次政治变革。
Shang Yang was born in an aristocrat family in the state of Wei.
商鞅生于卫国一个贵族家庭。
In 356BC, he was appointed governor to introduce the first political reform to reward farming and weaving, abolish hereditary privileges of the nobility and encourage farming and fighting for the country, set up a unitary administrative system down to household registration at the grass roots.
公元前356年，他被任命为主管推行第一次变法以奖励农耕和编制，取消贵族的世袭特权，鼓励农耕和为国家而战，建立了下至基层户口登记的一元统治体系。
Shang Yang carried the reform in strict terms and when the son of the king violated laws, his teacher got punished.
商鞅严格执行变法，当王子触碰法律时，他的老师就会受到惩罚。
In such a way he told people to be law-abiding, and political reform achieved great success.
通过这样的方式，他教会人们遵纪守法，变法也取得了很大的成功。
The first reform brought rapid development to the state of Qin.
首次变法为秦国带来了迅速的发展。
Two years later, the capital was shifted to Xianyang and the second political reform was then introduced to establish the political system of county in which the State of Qin was divided into 31 counties, to abolish the nine-square system and make land private, and unify weights and measures,
两年后，国都迁至咸阳，第二次变法被推行以在秦朝的31个郡县中建立郡县制、废除井田制、实行土地私有制、统一度量衡。
thus laying the foundations for the state of Qin to become strong and eventually unify China for the first time in history.
这些措施为秦朝的强大和史上首次统一中国奠定了基础。
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