Chapter 8 History
1. It is traditionally believed that the first Americans were Indians, descendants of the Mongoloid people in Asia.传统意义上来说第一个美国人是印第安人，亚洲黄种人的后裔
2. In 1781, the United States of America won its independence美国独立
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves. 1863年 林肯解放黑奴 Turning point: Gettysburg
意义：解放黑奴，统一美国
美国独立战争：
原因：
① 殖民地要求更多自主权，the people in the colonies wanted morepower。
② 波士顿倾茶事件，the Boston Tea Party，1773
过程
第一届大陆会议，the First continental Congress，1774年九月，Philadelphia费城
莱克星顿的枪声，Lexington Shot
第二次大陆会议，the Second continental Congress，1775，确立中央政府began 头 assume the functions of a national government。
汤姆杰克逊通过独立宣言（Declaration）
Civil War（内战）
1) 奴隶制成为中心 The issue of slavery became，in American politics，economics and cultural life，the central point of contention。
2) 林肯当总统，南方要独立。
3) 奴隶解放宣言emancipation proclamation
4) Lee surrendered to the North marked，（Lee 投降）内战结束
5) 战后资本主义发展迅速
World War Ⅰ（1914~1918）
原因：
① The Germans announced that submarines were to be used to sink ships going to England，which would greatly injure American trade.
② Germany promised the Mexicans a chance to regain its lost territory by going to war against America.
③ After more than two years of fighting,both sides grew weary.
World War Ⅱ （1939~1949）
原因：the Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor
影像：美国发了一笔战争财，成为西方最强大的国家
Franklin D.Roosevelt:the ‘New Deal’ 1933.罗斯福新政
Spring of 1947，Truman：Truman Doctrine杜鲁门主义
1949，美国和西方国家成立the North Athletic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织
The Vietnam War（1954~1975）
Begin：Eisenhower continue：John F.Kennedy end:Nixon
。